Parenteral drug administration chapter 7 medication safety. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. During the past 20 years, advances in drug formulations and innovative routes of administration have been made. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The choice of appropriate route largely depends both on the drug as well as patient related factors the route of administration is determined primarily by the properties of the drug for example, water or lipid solubility, ionization and by the therapeutic objectives for example, the desirability of a rapid. Camille harris, in manual of exotic pet practice, 2009. Within that seemingly simple statement is held a complex set of information defining the nurses relationship with his or her patients. Formulation and routes of administration of drugs notes. Routes of drug administration refer to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain maximum. These changes have often resulted in improved patient adherence to the therapeutic regimen and pharmacologic response. Information and translations of drug administration routes in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
A route of administration in pharmacy is the path by which a drug is taken into the body. Advantages safe convenient self administered, pain free, noninvasive and easy to take economical compared to other parentral routes usually good absorption takes place along the whole length of the gi tract no need for sterilization. The various routes of administrations are classified into following categories. The oral route of administration is the safest, most economical and the most convenient way of giving medicines. Ppt routes of drug administration powerpoint presentation. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages and.
Identify sample pharmaceutical agents as to dosage form and. When a person cannot take anything by mouth when a drug must be administered rapidly or in a precise or very high dose. The drug is commonly intended for selfadministration e. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately.
Oral respiratory parenteral dermal ocular body cavities. The abused substance may be smoked, inhaled, partaken orally or received by a fetus through the mothers blood stream. Routes of drug administration refer to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain maximum benefit. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Regulating nanomedicine at the food and drug administration. Drug administration routes science topic the various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal.
One method of classifying routes of administration is enteral and parenteral. Different routes of administration may be used to achieve either systemic or local delivery of proteins and peptides. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. Parenteral drug administration refers to drugs given by routes other than the digestive tract. In fact, by definition, bioavailability of drugs is 100% by iv injection because the. There are many different ways in which drugs and medications can be administered. It is the most common and acceptable route for drug administration. The administration of drugs by transdermal or transmucosal routes offers the advantage of being. Intravenous usually refers to a way of giving a drug or other substance through a needle or tube inserted into a vein. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites.
Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Alternative routes of drug administrationadvantages and. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. Iso 11239 dosage form df and route of administration roa specifies data elements and structure that uniquely, and with certainty, identifies pharmaceutical dosage forms, units of presentation. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages.
Ask if there is a certain time of day that the blood sample should be taken. This route is one of the safest route as the drug cannot product poisonous effects. Inhalation administration involves inhaling of a drug in gas or liquid form. In this method of administration, drug is applied on to skin or other body surfaces.
Council policy is that administration of drugs needs to be for therapeutic purposes only. Parenteral administration is a route of drug administration devoid of oral route. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. The duration of action for various routes of drug administration is differ because the difference of rate of absorption of drug, amount of drug which been absorbed into the blood plasma and difference rate of metabolism and elimination of drug through the various of drug administration. Buccal tablets are often harder tablets 4 hour disintegration time, designed to dissolve slowly. There are various routes of administration available, each of which has associated advantages and disadvantages. Mar 10, 2020 drug administration routes science topic the various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and. Routes of medication administration there are several different ways drugs can be administered. Rarely used since absorption is slow and only small quantities can be given.
Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at. Youre probably familiar with injections and pills that you swallow, but medications can be given. Routes of drug administration buccal and sublingual sl some drugs are taken as smaller tablets which are held in the mouth or under the tongue. Our understanding of drug transport across tissues has increased. Ask if medication should be given before the blood sample is taken. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. Administration of drugs by injection and other routes. Fda center for drug evaluation and research data standards manual. Iso 11239 dosage form df and route of administration roa specifies data elements and structure that uniquely, and with certainty, identifies pharmaceutical dosage forms, units of.
The enteral route usually refers to taking drugs by mouth. Route advantages disadvantages oral most convenient usually least expensive safe, does not break. How to download notes in pdf from solution pharmacy facebook group using laptop using mobile. For small therapeutic molecules, various routes for drug administration are parenteral intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous, oral, nasal, ocular, transmucosal buccal, vaginal, and rectal, and transdermal.
The drug is commonly intended for self administration e. Oral route is the most common route of drug administration. Drug administration definition of drug administration by. Administration via this route is less desirable for drugs that are irritating to the gi tract. Start studying 8 routes of administration of drugs. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. All the routes of drug administration need to be understood in terms of their implications for the effectiveness of the drug therapy and the patients experience of drug treatment.
When administering a drug, the nurse should ensure that the pharmaceutical preparation is appropriate for the route specified. Routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Drug administration by mouth and tube feeding using nasogastric, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy tubes. Routes of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Routes of administration pharmacology linkedin slideshare. Summary this echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Most of the drugs can be administered by variety of routes.
The text describes pulmonary delivery, nasal, buccal, and transdermal. This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch. Know the different drug administration routes as oral, rectal, parenteral, inhalation, dermal and mucosal. Drugs can be inserted anywhere with the help of injections. Routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts important info 8. Route advantages disadvantages oral most convenient usually least expensive. The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration.
The choice of appropriate route in a given situation depends both on drug as well as. Codes representing these routes of administration shall consist of three digits. Most drugs can be administered by a variety of routes. The administration of drugs by transdermal or transmucosal routes. Route of administration shall consist of an alphabetic term which has a maximum length shall be restricted to 60 characters, with the hyphen and virgule being only punctuation permissible.
Any method of drug administration that avoids the gi tract is called parental administration. Comis reference table which is used by the drug product reference file to generate approved drug products with. Antimetabolites are drugs that interfere with one or more enzymes or their reactions that are necessary for dna synthesis. This is an attempt for the initials of field to familiarize with the routes of administrations with their significances. That is the drug acts only at the site of application and. It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood. This route is where a medicament is applied on to skin to produce its effects. A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Oral route the most common route of drug administration. There exists an extenuating circumstance and there is no other alternative. The term parenteral is usually used for drugs given by injection or infusion.
Food and drug administration product definition overview. Information and translations of drug administration routes in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on. Here the drug is given from routes other than oral i. Routes of drug administration advantages of inhalation rapid action of the drug, with local effects with in the respiratory tract potent drugs may be given in small. The organ or sites via which a drug formulation enters the body 2. Most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. They affect dna synthesis by acting as a substitute to the actual metabolites that would be used in the normal metabolism for example antifolates interfere with the use of folic acid. Definition of drug administration routes in the definitions. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the drug lipid soluble and skin at the site of application. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Intravitreal intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the substance is delivered into the eye. Definition of route of administration in the definitions.
Pdf common routes of drug administration monica may lopez. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions or powders. Routes of drug administration objectives gas laws inhalation surface area pressure units gauge vs absolute 1 oral topical intramuscular subcutaneous intravenous inhalation drug blood lung skin membranes stomach intestines cells medical gases. Dosage forms are tablet, capsule, syrup, mixture, etc. This is followed by a discussion of rectal, sublingual and injection routes of. Some medication blood levels require that you hold the medication until after the blood sample has been taken. The common parenteral routes are listed in table 7.
This standard provides for all routes of administration for drugs. Im and oral routes present a defined phase of absorption, in which drug concentration raises. Generally, a drug is any chemically synthesized product intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. Pdf common routes of drug administration monica may. Reasons for choosing a parenteral route over the oral route include drugs with low oral bioavailability, patients who are unable to take.
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